Humber Admissions Practice Test

What is the primary role of Transfer RNA (tRNA)?

1. Carrying genetic information

2. Interpreting RNA language for protein synthesis

3. Copying DNA

4. Regulating gene expression

The correct answer is: Interpreting RNA language for protein synthesis

The primary role of Transfer RNA (tRNA) is to interpret the RNA language for protein synthesis. tRNA serves as a crucial adapter molecule that translates the information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) into the corresponding amino acids during protein synthesis. This process, known as translation, involves tRNA molecules binding to specific amino acids and then pairing their anticodon with the codon on the mRNA strand. This ensures that the correct amino acids are assembled in the proper sequence to form a protein. In the context of this question, the aspect of tRNA interpreting the RNA language highlights its essential function in linking the genetic code carried by mRNA with the resultant protein, bridging the gap between nucleic acids and proteins. This is a fundamental aspect of molecular biology, where the flow of genetic information is accurately translated into functional biomolecules. The other choices pertain to different functions within the cell: carrying genetic information is primarily the role of DNA and RNA; copying DNA is performed by DNA polymerases during replication; and regulating gene expression involves various factors and mechanisms but is not a direct function of tRNA.